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P1Advances in virtual reality have made it possible to explore distant landscapes, museums and cultural sites from one's own living room, and some commentators predict that such experiences will eventually replace international travel. I disagree with this view to a significant extent, as physical travel offers dimensions of experience that no digital simulation can replicate.

P2Virtual tourism undeniably has real advantages. It can provide access to heritage sites for people who are elderly, disabled or financially unable to travel, and it has genuine educational value, allowing students to 'visit' ancient Rome or the Great Barrier Reef without the associated costs and carbon emissions. During global crises such as the pandemic, virtual platforms demonstrated that they could sustain interest in destinations when physical travel was impossible.

P3Nevertheless, the claim that VR will replace actual travel overlooks what travel fundamentally is. The embodied experience of navigating a foreign city, the smell of street food, the sound of an unfamiliar language, the discomfort and wonder of genuine novelty, cannot be reproduced by a headset. Tourism is not merely about seeing places; it is about being altered by encountering otherness. The social connections formed while travelling, including conversations with locals and chance meetings with other travellers, are irreducibly human experiences that virtual environments have not come close to simulating.